Which SQL function calculates the distance between two vectors using the Euclidean metric in Oracle Database 23ai?

The function that calculates the distance between two vectors using the Euclidean metric in Oracle Database 23ai is the L2 DISTANCE function.

The Euclidean distance, which is commonly referred to as L2 distance, measures the straight-line distance between two points in multi-dimensional space. This is particularly important when dealing with vector data, as it helps quantify how similar or different two vectors are from one another. The L2 distance is calculated by taking the square root of the sum of the squared differences between the corresponding elements of the two vectors.

In contrast, the other types of distance metrics mentioned serve different purposes. L1 DISTANCE typically refers to the Manhattan distance or taxicab distance, which measures the distance between two points by only moving along axes at right angles. Hamming DISTANCE is particularly relevant for measuring the difference between two strings of equal length by counting the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols differ, rather than focusing on the geometric distance in vector space. COSINE DISTANCE is used to determine the cosine of the angle between two vectors, providing a measure of how aligned or similar the two vectors are rather than their actual distance in physical space.

By focusing on L2 DISTANCE, you are utilizing the appropriate metric to